Apparatus for measuring heat in hot-water heating systems.



No. 759,306. PATENTED MAY 10, 1904. 0. 0. PEGK.

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT IN HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 20, 1902.

R0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

F n: -1 v. WITNESSES I INVENTDR Q3. awwa {3W MGM No. 759,306. I PATENTEDMAY 10, 1904.

0?..EEZGK. APPARATUSTOR MEASURING. EBA-ST IN HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS.

' APPLIQiNI-ILQM FILED! AUG 20, 1902. F0 MODEL. 4 $HEETS-SHEET 2.

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WITNE SEE 5 i v INVENT UR Tu! Nomus PEYERS co. Puowunim wnsmno'mu. u, c.

No. 759,306. 4 PATENTED MAY 10, 1904. 0. c. PEGK.

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING HEAT IN HOT WATER HEATING'SYSTEMSL APPLIOATIONFILED AUG. 20, 1902.

N0 MODEL 7 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNES 5E5 G2..6PQJ/&, INVERTER:

No. 759,306. PATENTED' MAY 10, 1904. o. 0. PEOK.

APPARATUSFOR MEASURING HEAT IN HOT WATER HEATING SYSTEMS.

' APPLIQATION FILED AUG. 20, 1902.

I0 MODEL. h 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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WITNESSES: K INVENTDR', Wi/ /QZZ m: poms PLTERS c0, womumo wasumarow.are.

UNITE STATES Patented May 10, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

CASSIUS CARROLL PEGK OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

SPEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 7 59,306, dated May 10,1904.

Application filed August 0, 90

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, CAssIUs CARROLL PEOK, residing at Rochester, in thecounty of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Apparatus for Measuring Heat in Hot-Water HeatingSystems, of which the following is a specification suflicient to enableothers skilled in the art to which it relates to make and use the same.

My invention relates to the measurement of heat supplied from acirculation of heated water in a hotwater heating system employed forheating either air or "liquids, and more especially in case of such asystem where the water employed for heating is mechanically forcedthrough the pipes and radiators used for heating air or liquids. It isprimarily intended for use in a central-station system of heating, inwhich it is important that the amount of heat delivered to each usershould be determined in order that a correct charge may be made tocorrespond with such amount. One of the necessary steps to this end isto ascertain the weight of water which flows through the usersradiating-pipes and radiators each hour or during other period so shortthat this weight multiplied into the drop in temperature of the currentin passing through said pipes and radiators will give with approximateexactness the number of heat units furnished to the user. Anothernecessary step is to take the temperature of the current of hot waterflowing into the users heating-pipes, together with the temperature ofthe outflowing current, in order that the difference between these twotemperatures may be obtained for use as a multiplier, in connection withthe weight of water circulated within the hourly period, used as amultiplicand, as above stated.

In a concurrent application for Letters Patent I describe and claim thecomplete process of determining the amount of heat supplied by ahot-water heating system.

The present application is confined to the mechanism required in the twosteps referred to.

The first device required in my heat-measuring system is a meter formeasuring the Serial No. 120,343 (No model.)

volume of flow in the heating system for each hour or other short timeperiod, which may be determined by a reliable hot-water meter. Myinvention commences at the registering devices of the meters, and thispart of my invention consists in adapting the registering mechanism forconstantly recording on my time-chart the hourly volume of watercirculation. It also includes said chart with clockwork or other meansfor moving it at uniform speed. The other devicenamely, telether-'mometers for giving the temperature of the inflowing current of heatedwater in a hotwater heating system and also of the correspondingoutflowing current, or else giving directly the difierence intemperature between the two currents, all of which may be recorded onthe chartis of equal importance. In the drawings these two steps areshown both as divided into two instruments and as embodied in oneinstrument. The latter best meets most requirements; but in case of avery large volume of circulation, as in the main conduits orcirculating-pipes proceeding from a central station, it is sometimesdesirable to divide the apparatus into a timere cording meter and adouble telethermometer.

To show fully the application to a watermeter of my invention, awell-known form of water-meter has been selected for illustration in thedrawings; but my time-recording chart is equally applicable to otherforms of meter, it being only necessary to properly arrange in relationto each other the primary registering-shat't of the meter and mymechanicallymoved time-chart, so that the former shall impress upon thelatter the volume-record. Also in the recording-thermometer, as

shown separately from the meter, the draw ings show a standard form ofrecordingthermometer arranged 1n the same case and operating 1n conunctlon with the recording mechanism to record both the volume and thetemperature of the water on one chart.

In the accompanying drawings like parts in all the figures are indicatedby the same letters.

Figure 1 is an elevation of the top of the case of a water-meter, alsoshowing inclosed in a supplemental case a top or plan View of themechanism connected with my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation, on alarger scale, of the primary registering-shaft of the meter and of myrecording devices. Fig. 3 is a plan or top view of a modification of myrecording mechanism. Fig. 4: is an elevation of the impression-rollerrequired for design shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a central cross-sectionof the meter-case and a sectional elevation of the recording mechanism.Fig. 6 is an elevation of a portion of the recordingribbon used with therecording devices shown in Figs. 1, 2, 5, and 8. Fig. 7 is an elevationof a portion of the recording-ribbon used with the modification ofrecording mechanism shown in Figs. 3 and 4:. Fig. 8shows the lower halfof the meter-case in side elevation, the upper half or portion above thehorizontal center of the plungers being a central section of the casewith one of the water-plungers and also the recording devices inelevation. Fig. 9 shows the same View of the meter-case as Fig.' 1, thesupplemental case being shown as containing a top view of my completemechanism for registering the hourly flow of hot water and for recordingon the same chart the temperature of both the outflowing current and ofthe inflowing current. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of my recordingdevices shown in Fig. 9, the case being broken away to expose same. Fig.11 is an elevation of a convenient form of double-record thermometer foruse independently of a meter, the lower portion of the case being brokenaway to show the internal mechanism. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation ofthe instrument-case with the re cording devices shown in Fig. 11, theview being at right angles to Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is an enlarged elevationof the arm which carries the marker or inking-point shown in Fig. 12.Fig. 14 is an elevation showing two marker-arms placed side by sideinstead of overlapping as in Figs. 11 and 12. Fig. 15 is a sectionalelevation like Fig. 12 except that the marking arms are shown as ofequal length, as in Fig. 14, being a rightangle view of said arms. Fig.16 is an elevation showing two helical coils with markerarms attachedarranged side by side. Fig. 17 is an enlarged cross-section of theflattened tube forming the coil which carries and actuates themarker-arm.

In the several figures, A is the case of a Worthington water-meter.

B B, Figs. 5 and 8, are the plungers,which are fitted in parallel rings6 b, Fig. 8. ater under pressure is admitted through the properinlet-ports into chamber C at one end of each plunger alternately, whilethe connection is made between the chamber at the other end of theoutlet. Thus the plunger in moving displaces its volume, discharging itthrough its outlet. The stroke of the two plungers alternates, the valveactuated by one admitting pressure to the other. The plungers arebrought to rest at the end of the stroke by bullers c 0. One plungerimparts a reciprocating motion to the lever I), which actuates therecording mechanism through shaft l) and ratchet-wheel E on shaft E. Thereciprocating movement of plunger B moves lever D first one way and thenthe other way, each movement being equal to the stroke of the plunger,and the lever being attached to shaft 1) turns the shaft a certainamount for each stroke of the plunger. The upper end of shaft I) carriesan arm (Z, Fig. 8, having at its outlet end a pawl (Z', which engageswith ratchet-wheel E, affixed to shaft E. At the upper end of the latterare two arms a e, secured to the shaft and carrying at their outer endsa vertically-set roller (1. The ofiice of this roller is to press thepaper ribbon (jrinto contact with the metallic point it, fixed in theplate H, Fig. 1, the groove in roller 0 corresponding with said point,so that the ribbon shall be punctured by the point as the roller passesit without bringing the point in contact with the roller. Clockwork i,contained in frame I, drives roller J, to which ribbon G is attached,and gradually unrolls it from roller J. The ribbon is kept suflicientlytaut by screwing down more or less the nut j upon spring 7", Fig. 2. Theclockwork is usually made for running eight days without rewinding. Onthe face of ribbon (i is printed a chart, as g 7, Figs. 6 and 7, forindicating hours or other short and uniform periods of time, thevertical lines in said figures representing the equal periods.Perforations made by point 71/, show the number of revolution of shaft Ewithin each of the time periods of the chart and within any number ofsuch periods, as each revolution of said shaft causes point 71/ topuncture ribbon (a? through being pressed against the point by roller 1said point entering the groove in said roller.

In Fig. 3, H is a modification of plate ll (shown in Fig. 1) in that ithas four faces each with a metallic point it, these points being set oneabove the other, as indicated by the position of holes r made in ribbon(1i by the four points, as shown in Fig. 7. The object is to providemore room between hourmarks on the ribbon for perforations. Ilate H isrotated by pinion a on shaft 10, the pinion engaging with rollergear-wheel a and this in turn with spur-wheel a on shaft h, to which isattached plate H, the gear being so proportioned that one revolution ofshaft E will give shaft a a quarter-turn. Instead of plate H a platewith more or less faces can be employed, the driving-gear beingproportioned so as to bring each face in line with shaft E at the momentroller 0 passes the point 71/.

In a central-station system in which heat is supplied by amechanically-forced circulation of hot water to various buildings and tonumerous users the quantity of heat required by ICC ISC

different users is likely to vary greatly and the measuring andrecording capacity of the time-recording meters need to differcorrespondingly. In the time-quantity devices. this variation can beconveniently provided for in two w aysnamely, first, by proportioningthe length of lever D and the diameter of ratchetwheel E so that shaft Eshall make one revolution for the desired number of strokes of plungerB, and, second, by either moving the ribbon G at a greater or less speedby proper provision in clockwork z'and diameter of roller J, so that thedistance between vertical lines of the chart-ribbon G shall be greateror less, or else making the number of points 7L and plates H such as togive requisite space on the ribbon for puncturing a suflicient number ofholes to give the record of the maximum amount of circulation withouthaving one hole run into, and thus be confused with another. A third Wayis to use but one point-plate and point, as H /L, and attach this by anarm to shaft h, driven by similar gearing to e e e to the end that shaftIt shall be revolved as often as required for registering on ribbon G.This latter arrangement is suitable where the hourly circulation issmall in amount. Where there is a somewhat larger circulation, thesingle fixed plate H, with point it, is suitable, and for largerquantities the arrangement shown in 3 is a good one. Where only onefixed point-plate, as H, is used and the amount of circulation is large,so as to require long spaces for time periods on ribbon G andcorrespondingly rapid movement of said ribbon, it becomes necessary toincrease the diameter of the roller J in proportion to speed in order toavoid a suflicient increase of speed of the ribbon toward the end of thetime for which the clockwork is made to run to involve error in thetime-record, this increase of speed being due to enlargement of diameterof the winding-roller by continuous winding of the ribbon upon it, orelse the time-spaces on the ribbon must be increased in length as theend is approached, so as to exactly compensate for increased speed ofthe ribbon. As thickness of the ribbon will determine the amount ofincrease in speed, it is desirable that the ribbon shall be as thin asis consistent with requisite strength and with retaining the record madeby perforating or marking the surface. Ribbon G can be made of strongsmooth paper or of calendered, sized, and otherwise properly-preparedcloth or of a combination of cloth and paper or even of very thin metal.

At the time of winding the clock a fresh ribbon can be convenientlysubstituted for the one which has been used. Ribbon Gr can, however, bemade of sufficient length to last during two or three winding periods.From the used ribbon a book-record of hourly (or other short time)circulation is taken, and the ribbon can then be filed as a permanentrecord, each ribbon being preferably dated both when placed in the meterand when taken out.

I do not confine myself to the exact recording mechanism shown anddescribed, as various equivalents may be used for the several partswithout departing from the essential feature of this part of myinvention. Thus a rotating circular disk, similar to one shown in Fig. 2of the drawings, maybe substituted for ribbon G and rollers J J, andthis disk may be set either vertically or horizontally. In this case acrayon-point held by a spring in proper position for constantlyrecording is the most convenient means of registering the metermeasurements on the chart. Even with the ribbon and rollersaspring-impelled crayon-point may be substituted for roller 0 andmetallic point it. For convenience said point is shown as making a roundperforation in the ribbon; but instead of a round point like a needle itmay have a cutting edge like the point of a knife, so as to cut a slitin ribbon G. The metallic point is preferred to a crayon, because itrequires less attention and gives a record which cannot be easilyeffaced. A fixed bearing surface provided with a groove will answer inplace of roller 0; but the roller is preferable, as ofiiering lessfrictional resistance.

Referring to the second step required in securing data for calculatingthe amount of heat delivered from water circulation in a hotwaterheating system, Figs. 11 to 17 both inclusive, show devices for takingand recording the temperature of the inflowing current supplying theheating system with hot water and for taking and recording thetemperature of the same water after having passed through the system ofpipes and radiators connected with the heating system. In Fig. 11 K isthe case of the recording instrument and L the chart on whichmarking-arms M M draw the record-lines, said lines being made eitherwith crayon-points or with inking-pointsm 417., one arm being extendedbeyond the other to prevent interference of the two inking-points. ChartL is revolved at uniform speed by clockwork N in case It. For ahot-water heating system the chart is divided into radial markings,representing hours, and into circular markings, representingtemperatures. The subdivisions on the chart are usually for one hundredand ninety-two hours, and the temperature ranges from 50 to 100Fahrenl1eit say from 130 to 280 the clorkwo'rk being made to run eightdays without rewinding.

ITO

With these conditions it will be necessary to supply a new chart andwind the clock once a week. Marker-arms M M are attached to the free endof helically-formed flattened metallic tubes 0 0., the opposite end ofeach tube being anchored to the case K and attached to the small tubes 00, which at the other end are attached to the thermometerbulbs 0 0respectively, inserted in pipes P P. The connecting-pipes 0 0 arepreferably made of copper or brass. The distance between pipes P P tocoils O O is optional and may be as much as twenty to twenty five feet.Coils O O, pipes 0 0, and thermometer-bulbs 0 0 are all filledpreferably with alcohol, the expansion of which by heat applied to saidthermometer-bulbs creates pressure which tends to straighten out thecoils, and thus move the marker arms M M laterally across the face ofchart L in proportion to the degree of pressure. Thus in Fig. 11 markerM, which indicates the higher of the two temperatures, is shown in solidlines at about the startingpoint-say 130 to 140 --and in broken lines ata point which may indicate 200 which latter might be the temperature ofwater entering the building being heated. The shorter marker-arm M, asshown in broken lines, may represent the temperature of water on leavingthe building after circulating through radiators and pipessay 4.0 belowthe initial temperature although this would represent greater thanaverage difference in a good heating system. On a good-sized chart thedifference, whatever it was, would be seen bya glance at the lines madeby the two markers, and the record of difference in temperature would beconveniently taken down on a blank, usually made for hourly record.

Whether coils O O are placed one in front of the other, as in Figs. 11,12, and 15, or side by side, as in Fig. 16, is not important. In theformer instance the inclosing case K needs to be deeper than in thelatter, while in the side-by-sidc arrangement it requires to be broaderthan in the former. Also one coil can be set below the other, whichwould require increase in length rather than in the width of the case.The fact that the marker-arm M of the intake-pipe will never be requiredto record less temperature than arm M for the outflow-pipe and when theheating system is in operation will show higher temperature permits thesaid recording-arms to be made of the same length and set side by side,as in Figs. 14 and 16. Said arms may be set in the same vertical planeor one arm located in front of the other, as shown in Fig. 15.

In Figs. 12 and 13 marker-arms M M are shown as bound together at thepointer ends by a sleeve m held in position by a bolt m This arrangementrequires a difierently-lined chart and is for the purpose of reading thedifference between two temperatures by a single line drawn by point onon the chart. The radial or time lines on the chart would remain asheretofore described; but the circular lines would be made to indicatedifference in tem peratures and not the temperatures themselves. If the"range of temperature to be measured be 100 and there are twenty circularlines on the chart, then the space between each two circular lines willrepresent 5, or

if there be fifty circular lines then the space between two lines willrepresent 2 Coils O O are set in such relation to each other thatmarker-arms M M shall be actuated in opposite directions by expansion ofthe coils, and thus oppose each other, under which condition only theexcess of pressure on one arm as compared with the other arm will causea lateral movement of pointer m, and the extent of this lateral movementwill be the measure of difference of temperature at the two points wherethe two thermometer-bulbs 0 n" are located. The reverse position of oneof the two coils O O and of marker-arm M is indicated by broken lines inFig. 12.

I do not confine myself to the form of coils O O or the exact form ofother parts shown, as these may be varionsly modified to suit conditionsand without departing from the spirit of my invention, which includesbringing together two suitable temperature-indicating mechanisms in onecase and so arranging the parts that each recorder shall separately markon one and the same chart the temperature to which its thermometer-bulkis subjected or so that the difference between the two temperatures towhich the bulbs of the thermometers are exposed shall be recorded by asingle line on a chart.

Figs. 9 and 10 show the mechanism of the two steps which have heretoforebeen described in detail as embodied in one apparatus. This simplyrequires, in addition to the mechanism before described, an additionalroller J on which spring j rather than on roller J. Coils O O areproperly placed for actuating marker-arms M M, so that they will recordon ribbon G. The horizontal lines on said ribbon are made to representtemperatures if marker-arms M M are used independently, as shown in Fig.10, or if the two arms are united then the horizontal lines would bemade for representing difference in temperature between the inflowingcurrent of the heating system and the outflowing current. The verticallines on the ribbon would represent hours or other short-time periodsand would be the same as if the ribbon were to be used for re cordingmeter measurements only. The advantage of assembling all the devicesrequired for obtaining data for calculating the amount of heat beingdelivered from a hotwater heating system in one compound instrument, sothat the apparatus may be easily installed at low cost, in minimumspace, and with greatest convenience in taking off the record oftemperatures and quantity of circulation, is secured by having allrecords made on one chart.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s

1. In a recording device for heating systems embodying acirculating-pipe, the combination with a movable record-sheet of aplurality of telethermometers for recording the temperatures of a fluidat diflerent points in the circulating-pipe, having separaterecordingarms and a connection between said arms whereby a single recordas a resultant between said telethermometers will be produced upon therecord-sheet.

2. The combination with a heating system embodying a circulating-pipe ofa movable record-sheet, a meter operated by the fluid in the pipe, and aregistering device cooperating with the record-sheet and operated by themeter, a telethermometer operated by the fluid in the pipe, andembodying an arm cooperating with the record-sheet.

3. The combination with a heating system embodying a circulating-pipe ofareoord-sheet and means of moving it at a uniform rate of speed, a meteroperated by the fluid in the pipe, and a device operated by the meterfor registering on the record-sheet the quantity of a fluid flowingthrough the meter in a given time, a plurality of telethermometerscooperating with the record-sheet to register thereon the temperaturesof the fluid at difierent points in the circulating-pipe.

4. In a fluid-measuring device the combination with a circulating-pipe,and afluid-meter arranged therein, of a record-sheet, means of movingit, a projection and means operated by the meter for moving theprojection and record-sheet relatively to perforate the latter.

5. In afluid-measuring device, the combination with a circulating-pipe,and a fluid-meter arranged therein, of a record-sheet, means of movingit, and a projection arranged at one side of the sheet, and an armoperated by the meter to force the sheet into engagement with theprojection.

6. In a hot-water heating system the combination of pipes, through whichall the water passes, a water-meter connected to said circuit, aregistering-shaft which always turns in the same direction, a time-shaftdriven by clockwork, and adapted for receiving a rec- 0rd of the numberof revolutions of said shaft, a marking-point system with arms attachedto the meter-shaft, substantially as described.

7. In a hot-water heating system having a hot-water meter fitted with atime-chart moved by clockwork and designed for recording the flow ofliquid through the meter for uniform periods of time, the combinationwith said chart and driving mechanism of pinion c gear-wheels e, 0 forrevolving a point-carrier H, or H, said gearing being driven by shaft,or spindle, E, operated by the measuring parts of the meter, and thepoints It arranged for recording the revolutions of said spindle,substantially as described.

8. In a hot-water heating system having a recording-thermometer forrecording the difference in two temperatures, consisting of tworecording mechanisms inclosed in one case, each mechanism being composedof an expansible coil, attached to a marker-armhaving a marking-point,and connected by a small pipe to a thermometer-bulb outside the case,the bulb being located at the point where the temperature is to betaken, and the coil, tube and thermometer containing a liquid causingextension of the coil by expansion of the liquid through heat applied tothe thermometer-bulb, the placing and connecting of the twoexpansion-coils and the two marker-arms so bound together that theextension of one coil by pres sure shall act in opposition to theexpansion of the other coil, to the end that the two markerarms, boundtogether and acting as one, shall not. be moved laterally except throughexcess of pressure in one coil as compared with the other coil, and onlyto the extent corresponding with this excess of pressure, the double armrecording this excess of pressure on a movable chart, substantially asdescribed.

OASSIUS CARROLL PECK.

Witnesses:

J NO. H. MOANARNEY, L. D. PEOK.

